In this Winter edition, we begin our remarks by saying that the Turkish Competition Authority (the \u201cTCA\u201d) completed its 25th year with impressive work, including forward-thinking studies, legislation proposals about digital economy and active competition law enforcement in various sectors. Indeed, in 2022, the TCA concluded 27 investigations and imposed monetary fines totaling approximately EUR 100 million. While this is lower than the amount of total fines imposed in 2021, which was EUR 267 million, it still confirms the current administration\u2019s aggressive enforcement in comparison to five years ago. Most of the fine in 2021 arose from the TCA\u2019s first-ever hub-and-spoke cartel decision, where the TCA imposed a recordbreaking fine of EUR 162.5 million on a supplier and five food and hygiene retailers that fixed prices in 2021. This was followed by a second hub-andspoke cartel decision in 2022 in the same sector.<\/p>\n
Digital markets were also under the TCA spotlight in 2022, which has led to proposals for specialised legislative framework in relation to such markets. Indeed, in addition to the introduction of the concept of technology undertakings with the goal of catching killer acquisitions in digital markets, the TCA also recently introduced a proposal to amend the main competition law legislation to ensure fair competition and promote consumer welfare in digital markets.<\/p>\n